This work is inspired by recent advances in concolic testing 7, 8. Symbolic execution for software testing eecs at uc berkeley. Pdf concolic testing for models of statebased systems. We have developed an automated testing framework maist that automatically generates the test driver, stubs, and test inputs to a target task by applying concolic testing. Concolic testing can catch generic errors such as assertion violations, uncaught exceptions, and segmentation faults.
Concolic testing, also known as directed automated random testing dart or dynamic symbolic execution, is an efficient way to automatically and systematically generate test inputs for programs. In the graphical user interface, try selecting the directory src and the java program dtestsdexample1. What you will need to do is have a file of known size, download it to the client, take the filesizetime to transfer and that is your download speed. Related work dart cute full name directed automated random testing concolic unit testing engine published date jun. Cute a concolic unit testing engine and jcute cute for java 4244 extends dart to handle multi. Definition of test inputs depend on what level of granularity the testing is performed. Concolic testing is a hybrid software verification technique that performs symbolic execution. The key insight underlying acteve is a notion of subsumption between two event sequences. The approach used builds on previous work combining symbolic and concrete execution, and more specifically, using such a combination to generate test inputs to explore all feasible execution.
Esecfse05 proceedings of the joint 10th european software engineering conference esec and th acm sigsoft symposium on the foundations of software engineering fse. Symbolic execution is a program analysis technique intro. Explore all execution paths of an unit for all possible inputs 15. The concolic testing is also useful to model checking. Furthermore, our algorithm improves the coverage of two stateoftheart test generators by 21% and 32%. The concolic testing process proceeds via the following steps. Concolic testing uses a combination of runtime symbolic execution and automated theorem proving techniques to generate automatically nonredundant and. Directed test generation using concolic testing on rtl models.
Symbolic execution for software testing in practice. I have been given a project to create a concolic testing framework for testing c programs. Acteve is tailored to eventdriven programs such as smartphone apps. Crest uses cil to instrument c programs for testing. Cute s speed is t for unit testing, but cute does not support formal speci cations. Concolic testing for models of statebased systems esecfse 19, august 2630, 2019, tallinn, estonia figure 7. The entry function may contain pointer arguments, in which case the inputs to the unit are memory graphs. Comparison with different coveragedriven dnn testing methods deepconcolic deepxplore 18 deeptest 25 deepcover 23 deepgauge 15.
For this execution, cute generates the path constraint. That is everything we need to track down the failures origin and even some context helping with a first guess. A program is decomposed into units, where each unit is a collection of functions, and the units are independently. This is the second installment of a twopart series about our concolic testing tool, grace. In concolic testing, what does concrete execution mean. In this paper, we introduce selective symbolic execution, path selecting, random and incorrect seed input, three approaches to ease the path explosion and speed up bugs. Cute concolic unit testing engine computer programming. In hardware domain however, existing concolic testing methods offer uniform tests, and are not tuned for directed test generation. In short, concolic testing has thus far been explored in a. Cute was founded in 2002 by andreas lohff and dr achim preuss and employs today more than 250 professionals worldwide. This is due to the fact that the concolic testing considers only one program execution path at a time. Automated unit testing of realworld c and java programs generate test inputs execute unit under test on generated test inputs so that all reachable statements are executed any assertion violation gets caught concolic testing approach. To see the statistics about branch coverage and runtime execute.
Cute, a tool implementing the method is described together with the results of applying cute to realworld examples of c code. Because of this, cute can detect complex arithmetic and pointer errors. Cute 6,16 is an automated test case generation tool that uses concolic test ing. In those cases, symbolic execution degrades gracefully by leveraging concrete values into a form of partial symbolic execution. This paper presents a concolic testing approach to automatic postsilicon test generation with virtual prototypes. Concolic testing overcomes these problems by combining concrete execution i. The link cute and jcute that goes to cute appears to be broken 144.
Offensivecon18 vitaly nikolenko concolic testing for kernel fuzzing and vulnerability discovery. Introduction unit testing is a method for modular testing of a programs functional behavior. Concolic testing koushik sen eecs department, uc berkeley, ca, usa. Cute is defined as concolic unit testing engine computer programming very frequently. A concolic unit testing engine for c, uses that term in its abstract section.
In this paper, we develop the first concolic testing approach for deep neural networks dnns. The approach used builds on previous work combining symbolic and concrete execution, and more specifically, using such a combination to generate test inputs to explore all feasible execution paths. Symbolic execution is used in conjunction with an automated theorem prover or constraint solver based. Practical concolic testing techniques for cots operating systems su yong kim, sangho lee, insu yun, wen xu, byoungyoung lee, youngtae yun, taesoo kim usenix annual technical conference july 14, 2017 the affiliated institute of etri georgia institute of technology purdue university. Driller 16 is an uptodate hybrid testing tool that leverages fuzz testing and selective concolic execution in a complementary manner to find deeper bugs. A methodology for applying concolic testing diva portal.
A concolic unit testing engine for c university of. In this testing technique we can simultaneously execute a program in concrete and symbolic manners. Concolic testing tools can find runtime errors fully automatically using available type specifications. A concolic unit testing engine for c darko marinov. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Concolic testing for deep neural networks ase 18, september 37, 2018, montpellier, france table 1. Concolic testing combines dynamic concrete execution and static symbolic execution to explore all possible execution paths of a target program, which can achieve high code coverage. Proceedings of the 10th european software engineering conference held jointly with th acm sigsoft international symposium on foundations of software engineering, new york, ny, usa, 2005. How is concolic unit testing engine computer programming abbreviated. Scalable concolic testing for reliable software score sw.
Boosting concolic testing via interpolation joxan jaffar, vijayaraghavan murali national university of singapore joxan, m. Concolic unit testing and explicit path modelchecking tools tools paper koushik sen and gul agha university of illinois at urbanachampaign, usa. The paper addresses the problem of automating unit testing with memory graphs as inputs. The score framework employs a distributed concolic testing algorithm that can utilize a large number of computing nodes in a scalable manner to achieve 1 a linear increase in the speed of test case generation as a number of distributed nodes increases and 2 low communication overhead among distributed nodes. Concolic testing has inspired the development of several industrial and academic automated testing and security tools such as pex, sage, and yogi at microsoft, apollo at ibm, conbol at samsung, and cute, jcute, catg, jalangi, splat, bitblaze, jfuzz, oasis, and smartfuzz in academia. Concolic testing for high test coverage and reduced human. Nov 05, 2007 concolic testing koushik sen eecs department, uc berkeley, ca, usa. A modified distribution of cil is included in directory cil. Testing your speed while using other devices simultaneously may impact the accuracy of the results. Concolic testing process this section presents an overview of the original nondistributed concolic testing process that performs static instrumentation of a target program to extract symbolic path formulas.
The instrumented c program is executed with given input values initial input values are assigned randomly 4. Explore all execution paths of an unit for all possible inputs exploring all execution paths ensure that all reachable. However, when a part of the path condition is infeasible for the smt solver to handle, we substitute values from a test run of the program. Cute, a concolic unit testing engine for c and java, is a tool to systematically and automatically test sequential c programs in. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to cute concolic unit testing engine. On a corpus of 11 programs, our concolic walk algorithm generates tests with two to threetimes higher coverage than simplificationbased tools while being up to fivetimes as efficient. However, because it is built on top of cute, a source code oriented testing tool, hybrid concolic testing still cannot be deployed on binary testing directly. In cav, volume 4144 of lecture notes in computer science, 419423. Concolic testing tools for java typically work at the level of jvm bytecode, klee 3 uses llvm code, while many tools for c work at the level of assembly. C unit testing framework overview cutest is a unit testing library for the c language. Mar 19, 2018 offensivecon18 vitaly nikolenko concolic testing for kernel fuzzing and vulnerability discovery. Concolic testing alternates between concrete program execution and symbolic analysis to explore the execution paths of a software program and to increase code coverage.
Cute a concolic unit testing engine and jcute cute for java 4244 extends dart to handle multithreaded programs that manipulates dynamic data structures using pointer operations. Cute stands for concolic unit testing engine computer programming. Acteve stands for automated concolic testing of eventdriven programs, to alleviate the pathexplosion problem. Concolic a portmanteau of concrete and symbolic testing is a hybrid testing technique that integrates concrete execution with symbolic execution 9. Dart cute full name directed automated random testing concolic unit testing engine published date jun. Offensivecon18 vitaly nikolenko concolic testing for. Next to manual software testing, there are several automated ways to test software. The approach used builds on previous work combining symbolic and concrete execution, and more specifically, using such a combination to generate. Traditional test input generation techniques use either 1 concrete execution or 2 symbolic execution that builds constraints and is followed by a generation of. Cutes speed is t for unit testing, but cute does not support formal speci cations. Before you start the test, make sure that any other devices in your home that are connected to the internet, like an ipad or xbox, or that download content like netflix via the internet, such as a smart tv, are turned off. Example c code and inputs that cute generates for testing the figures. Concolic testing koushik sen university of california, berkeley joint work with gul agha, patrice godefroid, nils klarlund, rupak majumdar, darko marinov used and adapted by jonathan aldrich, with permission, for 1735517655 program analysis. I completely understand the way concolic testing works but i.
The link cute and jcute that goes to appears to be broken 144. It is a good idea to have a file at least a few mb in size so it can average out the peeks and valleys in the transfer. The main innovation introduced by concolic testing orig inally presented in dart 9 and cute 15 was the fact that concrete inputs can be generated based on some intel. Concolic testing a portmanteau of concrete and symbolic is a hybrid software verification technique that performs symbolic execution, a classical technique that treats program variables as symbolic variables, along a concrete execution testing on particular inputs path. Select input variables to be handled symbolically 2. Concolic testing for functional languages sciencedirect. The current work develops a method to represent and track. Outline motivation background search based testing concolic testing pointers in cute and austin empirical study experimental setup test subjects results answers summary 1 motivation 2 background on austin and cute search based testing concolic testing pointers in cute and austin 3 empirical. Dart 8 and cute 18 for c, and symbolic java pathfinder 15 and jcute for java, to name a few. Klee has been downloaded by a variety of groups from. How to measure upload and download internet speed with.
Finally, cute, a tool implementing the method is described together with the results of applying cute to realworld examples of c code. Its a fun and cute library that will make your programming fun and productive. Unfortunately, the current effectiveness of concolic testing tools are limited when testing large applications due to the enormous number of control paths and limited budget. Cute 6,16 is an automated test case generation tool that uses concolic testing. It can be used to do extreme programming and testfirst development in the c language. Undertaking 12 million assessments each year in over 70 countries, cute is a world leader in the design and implementation of innovative online tests, questionnaires and gamified assessments for recruitment, selection and development.
Concolic testing for functional languages aggelos giantsios 1nikolaos papaspyrou konstantinos sagonas. A survey of new trends in symbolic execution for software testing. Communication of the harness, the model under test mut and the symbolic. Concolic testing has been successfully applied on both hardware and software designs 24. A part of unit can be tested by generating inputs for a single entry function. Industrial application of concolic testing on embedded. It is an efficient way to identify all bugs present in a program. Industrial application of concolic testing approach. Cute, a concolic unit testing engine for c and java, is a tool to systematically and automatically test sequential c programs in cluding pointers and concurrent java programs. Check out part 1 to read more background information on concolic execution.
Traditional test input generation techniques use either 1 concrete execution or 2 symbolic execution that builds. Concolic testing combines concrete and symbolic testing to automatically and systematically test sequential programs having memory graphs as inputs. Strategies for scalable symbolic executiondriven test. Measure the speed of the pipe as a whole, or are you trying to get the speed of a download you are performing. Automated test generation using concolic testing school of. Using path exploration method we create test input values. These tools dart and cute, exe applied concolic testing to unit testing of c programs.
Large realworld programs are almost always concurrent. A target c program is statically instrumented with probes, which record symbolic path conditions 3. Automatic concolic test generation with virtual prototypes. A methodology for applying concolic testing manuel cherep concolic testing is a technique that combines concrete and symbolic execution in order to generate inputs that explore different execution paths leading to better testing coverage. In unit testing, a program is decomposed into units which are collections of functions.
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